All crane operators and persons involved in the spinning of loads and the management of lifting operations must be trained and competent. Cranes and hoists, such as slings, must be sufficiently strong, tested and subjected to the necessary examinations and inspections. You need to carefully plan lifting operations to ensure they are done safely. Your plan should lead to a safe work system and this information should be recorded. This recording is sometimes referred to as a method statement, and you need to make sure everyone involved understands it. The law states that all hoist lifting operations must be properly planned by a competent person. adequate monitoring; and carried out safely. The crane inspector must be competent, adequately trained and experienced to perform all relevant duties and powers to stop the lifting operation if it is deemed unsafe to continue. The plan should clearly state the actions involved at each stage of the project and define the responsibilities of the stakeholders.
The level of planning and complexity of the plan varies and should be commensurate with the foreseeable risks associated with the work. The careful inspection of all cranes is subject to strict legal requirements: lifting operations can often expose people to a high risk of injury and result in high costs in the event of a problem. Therefore, it is important to adequately finance, plan and organize lifting operations so that they are carried out safely. Each of these elements requires one or more sufficiently competent people involved in each step. Such persons should have sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of the works and equipment concerned and of the legal requirements to be able to carry them out correctly. For complex and high-risk operations, planning and organization must be thorough and meticulous. `lifting accessory` means a component or equipment which is not attached to the machinery for lifting the load, which allows the load to be maintained, which is placed between the machinery and the load or on top of the load itself, or which is intended to form an integral part of the load and which is placed on the market independently; Slings and their components are also considered lifting equipment [3]. These accessories include chains, ropes, slings, shackles, eyelet bolts, lift/track beams, lifting frames, and vacuum lifting equipment. The hazards associated with the use of hoists in construction are: The position of mobile hoists or the location of fixed installations can have a dramatic impact on the risks of a lifting operation. It is important to take all practical measures to avoid bumping into people when using loads or the device itself.
Equipment should also be positioned to minimize the need to lift people. Measures should be taken to reduce the risk of load drift (e.g. skidding, tipping, etc.). and that the charge falls freely or is released involuntarily. Many different methods have been developed to prevent falling loads, including the use of multiple cables or chains, hydraulic check valves and nets for palletized loads. The plan must consider the risks identified through an assessment of the risks, resources, procedures and responsibilities required to ensure that each lifting operation can be carried out safely. Lifting operations are inherent in many professions in the construction industry. They can be done manually or with lifting equipment. Manual lifting and mechanical lifting operations can put construction workers at high risk of injury or health symptoms that result in sick leave or disability.
The costs of accidents and illnesses associated with lifting operations are immense. This article describes the risks associated with lifting operations in the construction industry and measures to reduce these risks. Planning individual routine lifting operations may be the responsibility of those who perform them (for example, a slingshot or crane operator). But for much more complex lifting operations (e.g. lifting in tandem with several cranes), a written plan should be drawn up by a person with important and specific skills – adequate training, knowledge, skills and expertise – adapted to the level of the task. A lifting operation is a process of lifting and lowering a load. A charge is the object or objects that are lifted and to which one or more persons may belong. A lifting operation can be carried out manually or with lifting devices.
Manual lifting, holding, depositing, transporting or moving is often referred to as „manual load handling” [1]. The crane supervisor must direct and supervise the lifting operation to ensure that it is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the method. When renting a crane, the responsibility for planning, monitoring and executing lifting operations lies with the user, unless this responsibility is expressly assumed by the crane rental company in the context of a „contractual lift”. More detailed guidance on the planning, organization and execution of lifting operations is available in the LOLER-approved Code of Practice and Guidance. The plan for each lifting operation must take into account the foreseeable risks of the work and identify the appropriate resources (including people) needed to perform the work safely. Factors to consider may include some or all of the following: Safe use of hoists. LOLER 1998: ACOP and manual L113 Important note for crane users: The legal responsibility for safe lifting operations is generally shared between the crane rental company and the crane operator. Supervision should be proportionate to the risk and take into account the skills and experience of lift operators.
Many daily lifting operations do not require direct supervision (eg. e.g., experienced forklift operators performing routine lifts), although there may be circumstances where monitoring assistance may be required to manage risks (e.g., lifting an unusual load, crossing a highway, etc.). From time to time, employers may need to monitor the competence of workers performing lifting operations to ensure that they continue to be performed safely. The person responsible for planning the lifting operation must have sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of the lifts to be performed. Hoists include any equipment or machinery used at work to lift or lower loads or persons, including accessories and accessories used to anchor, secure or support equipment [2]. There is a wide range of hoists in the construction industry. Here are some typical examples: Using cranes to lift and move heavy objects is a crucial and common activity in many industries in Singapore. Lifting operations are an integral part of any construction, shipbuilding, ship repair or manufacturing process. Lifting operations are high-risk operations that involve winches, such as: Hoists must have sufficient strength for the proposed use. The assessment should take into account that the lifting device, including accessories, may be subjected to a combination of forces.
The hoists used should provide an appropriate „safety factor” against all types of foreseeable failures. When people are lifted, the safety factor is often higher. The hoists selected shall not be excessively sensitive to foreseeable failure modes that may occur during operation, such as breakage, wear or fatigue. You will also need to register certain types of hoists with the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). For more information about these requirements, see the MOM website. When positioning hoists, care must be taken to avoid hazards closely, for example: B.: contact with overhead lines, buildings or structures; getting too close to trenches, excavations or other operations; and come into contact with underground underground services such as drains and sewers. Several risk factors can increase the number of injuries caused by manual lifting. These factors are related to the different characteristics of stress, task and work organisation, working environment and worker [7]: although it has recently decreased, the rate of workers in the EU-27 reporting carrying or moving heavy loads remains high, around 35% [4]. The physical stress of manual lifting in the construction industry has been widely reported [5][6]. Examples of activities in the construction industry with manual lifting tasks are: scaffolding, masonry and plasterboard processing. Manual lifting tasks with high loads or frequencies can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), such as back pain.
According to the European Working Conditions Survey, 36.5% of construction workers reported work-related back pain [4]. In addition, acute trauma such as cuts or fractures can occur due to accidents caused by manual lifting tasks. The plan should ensure that hoists remain safe for the area of lifting operations for which the equipment could be used. Lifting operations in construction take place during the transport of materials from the storage site to the processing site and during the processing of materials. A load includes equipment or people raised or lowered by hoists. For simple and routine lifting operations, a single initial generic plan may suffice (e.g. forklift in a plant) that could be part of the normal risk assessment for the business. However, from time to time, it may be necessary to review the plan to ensure that nothing has changed and that the plan remains valid.