The Women`s Legal Aid Centre (WLAC) is a voluntary, private, impartial and non-profit organisation registered in 1994 as a company limited by guarantee without shareholders under the Companies Ordinance, Chapter 212 of Tanzania. International law is another source of law in Tanzania. This includes treaties and conventions signed by Parliament and subsequently ratified. However, international treaties and conventions are not directly applicable. Once signed, they are subject to a ratification process involving the National Assembly and the President. Once ratified, they become enforceable in court. Thus, once ratified, they form part of the Parliament Act and can apply conventions and treaties to which Tanzania has acceded before Tanzanian courts. 13 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS The law can be passed by Parliament in three situations: – if a new law is needed – if an old law needs to be amended/amended – if financial laws are necessary / need to be amended Article 97 of the Constitution of the URT requires the National Assembly to exercise its legislative power, i.e. the power to legislate, according to two procedures; I.
Discussion Process II. Passage of bills www.tanzania.go.tz/ government website. www.tanzania.go.tz/nsgrf.html Report on Poverty and Human Development www.tanzania.go.tz/ppu/tnpp.html Population Policy The Law and Human Rights Centre is both a legal and a human rights organization. The Centre was established to contribute to the democratization process in Tanzania and works to promote, strengthen and protect human rights. Tanzania has a multi-party democracy. Therefore, those who compete to represent the people in parliament for the process of legislation and retroactivity are elected by the people through their political parties. This is done through regular elections that take place within five years. Those who are victorious represent the people in the Legislative Assembly – the National Assembly for Tanzania and the House of Representatives for Zanzibar. As such, Tanzania has MPs elected directly from constituencies elected by affirmative action, members elected to special panels and those appointed by the President under the powers conferred on him by the Constitution of the Union. This principle is reflected in Articles 76 to 83 of the Constitution of the Union and its articles.
of the Constitution of Zanzibar. The Tanzanian Constitution (1977) stipulates, inter alia, how legislators (parliament, provincial parliaments and municipal councils) are to carry out their legislative procedures. In addition, there are the relevant Rules of Procedure of Parliament and the conventions of other legislators that are relevant to the legislation. Standard Chartered is also committed to all its stakeholders by living its values in its approach to managing its employees, exceeding customer expectations, making a difference in communities and working with regulators. Art. 19 Legislative process: financial lawsThese require a proposal from the President in accordance with Article 99 of the URT. The financial matters which require a proposal from the President to the Assembly by the Minister are as follows: – Collection of tax – Modification of the tax by increase 14 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS: New lawThe legislative process includes the following measures: i. Management of consultation documents/green papers Consultations or discussions on the new legislation will take place with interested parties such as professional associations, voluntary organisations and interest groups. The Green Papers contain government proposals that are still taking shape and invite public comments. ii. Management of White Papers Proposals for legislative changes may be included in government white papers. White papers or green papers need not be introduced before a bill is submitted to Parliament iii.
Pre-legislative review by bill A bill is a bill that is published to allow for consultation and pre-legislative review before a bill is formally introduced in Parliament. A bill can be studied by a special parliamentary committee to give members the opportunity to influence the bill at an early stage. This process is called pre-legislative testing. 5 Types of law Law / Legislation Customary law Case lawSubsidiary law Principles of equity Laws of general application Note: Different types of laws determine different production methods www.tanzania.go.tz/commerce.html#Weights%20and%20Measures The Centre for Law and Human Rights (LHRC) is registered in Tanzania as a private, non-governmental, impartial and non-profit organization. It has been an autonomous and independent entity since its registration in September 1995. The Centre for Legal and Human Rights was founded because it was aware of the extent to which the majority of people were unaware of their rights and for those who were in need and did not have the means to assert their rights in court because they did not have legal representation. The Tanzanian legal system www.tanzania.go.tz/administrationf.html Tanzanian legal system has been governed by the common law system since its introduction by the Tanganyika Regulations to the Council of 1920. However, the system is adapted to local conditions with some exceptions and modifications. This historical context goes back mainly to the British administration during the colonial period. As a British protectorate, Tanzanian (until then Tanganyika) law was imported to Tanganyika via India by the British administration, where it had long been established. As such, the basic structure of the current legal system is influenced by the structure of the English legal system and is largely the same as when it was introduced to the region in the early 1920s.
To this day, the Tanzanian legal system remains a fundamental adversarial legal system. www.tanzania.go.tz/government/tra.html Tanzania Revenue Authorities www.tanzania.go.tz/guidelinesf.html Medium-term plan and budgetary framework This is the body of law developed in England by the decisions of the King`s Courts, commonly known as Lord Chancellor Courts, which were drawn up by judges appointed by the King to sit in the King`s Court to rule on appeals from persons appointed by decisions in English. The courts have been wronged. Since the king was called the „source of justice,” he was not bound by the rules or decisions of the common law. Thus, he pronounced justice according to conscience and fairness. Later, the king appointed judges, called lords chancellors, to decide on his behalf, and thus developed what is now called the „doctrine of justice”. Like the common law principle, the doctrine of justice remains persuasive and precedent-setting when local circumstances do not provide an answer. A bill in its ordinary sense simply means a new law that is being prepared. It can be presented to Parliament by the government, the minister or a member of Parliament. The decision on what the law should look like is the responsibility of Parliament. The decision on how a law should be applied to a particular case rests with the courts.
After all, the courts also determine what a law means. Thus, the courts establish not only the law, but also the laws. The administration and enforcement of the Act is the responsibility of the government. In cooperation with the political parties, the Commission is also responsible for developing a code of conduct for elections. The Code outlines the do`s and don`ts of the government, political parties and the Commission`s election campaign process. LHRC publishes manuals, brochures, brochures and posters on legal principles and human rights. The Centre conducts research in a number of legal and human rights areas and monitors human rights violations. Anyone who is or could be affected by a law can participate in its interpretation and decide what it means and how it will affect it: everyone is supposed to know the law as it applies to them. Article 30 of the Constitution limits the application of these rights, which are regulated by law and, where appropriate, by due process. www.tanzania.go.tz/alevel2006f.html Results of the Advanced Review www.tanzania.go.tz/microeconomicpolicef.html Microeconomic Policies Database www.tanzania.go.tz/censusdb/index.html the Census The Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC) is a non-profit, non-partisan non-governmental organization that aims to empower the public and promote, strengthen and protect human rights and good governance in Tanzania. This article provides a critical analysis of the law-making process under the Tanzanian legal framework. It is based on the general perception that legislative function in Tanzania, as in other Commonwealth jurisdictions, is delegated to Parliament under the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy.
The analysis focuses on the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of the United Republic. The regulations contain the main legal rules for doing business in the upper house, including drafting laws. In doing so, the article highlights other salient features of the provisions of the Regulations that were previously unknown to many. The article focuses on mainland Tanzania. It does not deal with the law-making process in Zanzibar, the other part of the Union. Under the 1977 Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar has a separate law-making regime. The main findings of the analysis indicate that, contrary to popular belief, in practice the general framework law, which governs the law-making process and the policies that underpin it, delegates legislative power almost entirely to the executive and not to Parliament. Our way of working is open, inclusive, informal, experimental and creative, while working to achieve a clear sense of direction, purpose, strategy and action.